<p>The Main Street Historic District in Miles City, Montana comprises much of the central business district of the town, extending along Main Street roughly between Prairie Avenue and Fourth Street. It was listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>City Hall and Fire Station (19 South 8th Street)</h2><br>
<p>The transformation of Miles City in the early 1900s into the economic, social, and governmental center of the valley precipitated the decision to build a permanent city hall. Ed Arnold, tailor and businessman, became one of the motivating forces behind the project to erect the new facility. Arriving in Miles City in 1885, Arnold served as city treasurer for two terms and achieved the position of secretary in the Custer County building. Designed by Grover C. Pruett, one of Miles Citys most successful engineer/architects in the early twentieth century, this structure is Pruetts most significant landmark in the city. The two-story concrete Renaissance Revival style building faced in Hebron brick is a good example of the new "academically correct" Renaissance styling and is a symbol of Miles City as a progressive and cosmopolitan town. The words "City Hall" are carved into the sandstone frieze above the portal.</p><br>
<h2>Commercial block (511 Main Street)</h2><br>
<p>The I. Orschel & Brothers clothing firm first located on this site in 1878 in a small wood-frame building. Following a disastrous fire that leveled much of the block, local businessmen formed a syndicate to build this four-part commercial building designed by Byron Vreeland, Miles Citys first resident architect. Completed in the fall of 1885, John Carters Saloon (509), I. Orschel & Brothers Clothing Store (511), Miles & Strevells Hardware (513), and Basinski Brothers (515) were the original occupants. The combination of Romanesque Revival, Gothic Revival, and Queen Anne-style detailing carries Vreelands architectural signature. Although the parapets and towers that originally graced the roofline have long been removed, the brownstone windowsills, polychrome tile, soft brick, and cast iron columns survive. The Orschels&#39; landmark business catered to local cowboys at this location until 1940. The brothers let cowboys keep their trunks on the upper floor until they came to town to change clothes. Inside, the original tin ceiling remains intact.</p><br>
<h2>First Presbyterian Church (1401 Main Street)</h2><br>
<p>Charter members George and Helen Miles bestowed this land on the church in 1882. Since that time the First Presbyterian Church has occupied this space. Church trustees met in 1911 to discuss the construction of a larger $30,000–$40,000 (equivalent to $–$ in ) church. Pastor Reverend J. Forsythe Smith reasoned that a new house of worship would "provide better social advantages, better intellectual advantages, and better moral and spiritual advantages." In addition to a larger worship space, the modern facility would include a Sunday school and choir room. Architect Brynjulf Rivenes designed the concrete and brick edifice on the same site as the old church, which was sold and relocated to face North Prairie. Western Granite and Marble Works of Miles City donated the cornerstone, laid on November 26, 1914. C. N. Strevell gifted the main stained glass window fronting Montana Avenue. The oak finished, 871-pipe Estry organ was specially designed to fit the organ chamber. Dedicated in 1917, this Gothic Revival style church conveys a sense of stability and permanence.</p><br>
<h2>Jackson Block (808 Main Street)</h2><br>
<p>The two-story building suggests ways that urban architectural trends were translated and adapted in small communities. Its main decoration derives from the pattern created by its windows; in this, the 1909 commercial block echoes the emphasis on light, air and space found in turn-of-the-century "Chicago-style" skyscrapers. Miles City architect Brynjulf Rivenes designed the surprisingly modern building for entrepreneur W. C. Jackson, a confectioner who owned a shop at 613 Main. With fellow Miles City businessman Ed Arnold, Jackson also invested in the next-door Arnold Block. Built in 1913, it matched the lines of the Jackson Block, and doorways connected the buildings on the second floor. From Jackson Block storefronts merchants sold pianos, office equipment, clothing, and dry goods. Second-floor tenants included Brynjulf Rivenes and the Montana Institute, a private school that offered both day and night classes in automobile engineering, bookkeeping, stenography, and penmanship.</p><br>
<h2>Kenney Block (Montana Saloon) (612 Main Street)</h2><br>
<p>Originally a saloon (1893), then a saddlery (1900–1907), businessman James Kenney purchased the property in 1908 to house his Montana Saloon. Architect Brynjulf Rivenes designed the 1913 Renaissance Revival style facade and the double structure was renamed the Kenney Block. The saloon, occupying half the ground-floor space, is one of the state&#39;s best preserved historic interiors. The saloon includes its original pressed tin ceiling, three-pillared back bar, mosaic floor tiles, paddle fans, leather booths, wooden cooler, and leaded glass.</p><br>
<h2>Dr. Redd&#39;s Brick Building</h2><br>
<p>Dr. Robert G. Redd served as an army surgeon at Fort Keogh in the 1870s. Redd resigned in 1881 to assume a private practice. He served as county physician, coroner, and surgeon for the Northern Pacific Railroad as well as mayor from 1889 to 1900. He commissioned architect Byron Vreeland to design a two-story permanent building for his drug store. Henry C. Smith—mayor from 1911 to 1913—purchased the edifice in 1908 and contracted with city engineer Grover C. Pruett to remodel the facade in 1915. The marble and terra cotta Renaissance Revival style of the building was rare in Miles City and Smith used it to advertise the city&#39;s cosmopolitan attributes in the early twentieth century. "1915" appears in a terra cotta rectangle above the windows and the entrance bears a polychrome mosaic tile floor arranged in the image of a pocket watch. Although remodeling obliterated the original facade, the original 1883 corbelling remains on the east side.</p><br>
<h2>Shore-Newcom Building</h2><br>
<p>The Shore-Newcom Store opened in 1900 in the Foster Building at 701 Main. Owned and operated by Thomas Shore and Wirt H. Newcom, the store handled mercantile goods. They moved to 709 Main in 1905, and upon the completion of this structure in 1914, the store expanded next door to include gentlemens and ladies ready-to-wear. By 1922, the company had grown into the third largest general merchandise business in the state. The partnership dissolved in 1922 but Shore remained involved in the venture. The Shore family continued operating a department store late into the twentieth century. Shore and Newcom, like building owner George Miles, were typical of Miles City businessmen who wanted to display their confidence in the citys future through progressive and sophisticated buildings. Construction here represented a visible symbol of the partnerships success as well as the citys. Architecturally, the building is an outstanding example the Renaissance Revival styles streamlined appearance. One of the best surviving examples in Miles City, the building and its simple lines reflect the desire for a modern business district.</p><br>
<p>The Old Southeast Church is located at the end of a short dirt road leading from NY 22 in the Town of Southeast, New York, United States, a few miles north of the village of Brewster. It is a wooden building formerly used by a Presbyterian congregation. Built in the late 18th century and later modified following a fire, it is the oldest house of worship in Putnam County. Today many of its materials are intact but it is the subject of ongoing preservation efforts.</p><br>
<p>It and a small one-room schoolhouse nearby are the few remaining buildings from the former hamlet of Doanesburgh, once the commercial center of eastern Putnam County. In 1972 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the first property in the county to be so listed. It is currently owned by the Landmarks Preservation Society of Southeast and is used occasionally as a cultural center.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The church is a two-story, three-by-four-bay building sided in white clapboard. It is regularly fenestrated with 12-over-12 double-hung sash windows in all bays. The gabled roof has a projecting steeple on the west end, right over the main entrance.</p><br>
<p>That entrance leads to a vestibule and then inside to the sanctuary. It features wainscoting beneath the chair rail as well as paneling on the gallery parapet, and painted and grained pews. The gallery and ceiling are supported by Doric columns, and the original 19th-century light fixtures.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first church in the area was built of logs in the late 1730s. In 1761, a small frame meeting house was built to strict standards for such buildings, measuring 50 by with the entrance south of the pulpit. Three decades later, in 1793, the congregation decided to expand again and was authorized to use as much or as little of the meetinghouse as necessary to build a newer building. It was completed the following year.</p><br>
<p>In 1830 the building was severely damaged in a fire. When it was rebuilt, a number of alterations were made to both interior and exterior. The entrance was moved to its present location, the belfry built and the balcony reoriented. Two brick chimneys were also dismantled and can be seen only from the inside.</p><br>
<p>At the time it was built, the church was in the middle of the hamlet of Doanesburgh, then the commercial center of eastern Putnam County. In the mid-19th century, the New York and Harlem Railroad was built, connecting the region more directly to New York City. It chose a route that bypassed Doanesburgh for the Great Swamp, passing through Brewster, currently still in use as far north as Wassaic by Metro-North&#39;s Harlem Line. Brewster prospered and grew while Doanesburgh diminished, and the church and school are among the few remnants today.</p><br>
<p>The Albany Presbyterian Church and Rectory, also known as Whitespires, is a historic church building in Albany, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1891 in the Carpenter Gothic style. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1979. Although individually listed in the NRHP, it is located within the Monteith Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Whitespires houses a Kimball pipe organ that was installed in 1906.</p><br>
<p>The building is currently the home of the Whitespires Berean Bible Fellowship, also known as Berean Fundamental Church of Albany.</p><br>
<p>The present-day United Presbyterian congregation in Albany (affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA)) gathers in a 1913 church known as the Stone Church.</p><br>
<p>Taylor County Courthouse in Butler, Georgia was built in 1935. It is a Neoclassical Revival-style building that was designed by Columbus, Georgia architect Frederick Roy Duncan. Classical elements in the design that are more prominent than usual for courthouses built during the Great Depression include its cupola, pedimented portico and entrances, quoins, and keystones.</p><br>
<p>The current courthouse replaced the first courthouse of Taylor County which had been built in 1852 on the same site, remaining in use for almost 80 years. The demolition of the first courthouse by convict labor began in 1934.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The United States Post Office at Hannibal, Missouri, is a federal building previously used as a post office and as a courthouse. It is also known as the Federal Building or the Naval Reserve Center, and is located at 600 Broadway. The building&#39;s architect was Mifflin E. Bell, and it was completed in 1888. The building is an excellent example of a late Second Empire architectural style. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri met in this building until 1960, and the USA Circuit Court for that district met here until that court was abolished in 1912. It is now owned by the city.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 as "Federal Building". It is located in the Central Park Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Robert P. Aitken Farm House is an Italianate residence in Flint Township, Michigan, United States. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 26, 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house has several excellent qualities of the Italianate style. The main portion of the house is two stories tall, with paired eavesline brackets, a hip roof, and a cupola. The cupola has delicate scrollwork brackets in the corners, rounded arch windows, and paired brackets under the eaves. The house has two additions with gable roofs and eyebrow windows, indicating Greek Revival architecture, so there is some speculation that those additions were earlier parts of the structure (picture shown to the right.)</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Robert P. Aitken moved to Flint Township, Michigan from New York in 1842. He married Sarah Johnstone, also from New York, in 1843. The exact date of construction is not known, but is presumed to be after 1843. Aitken was a successful farmer, and a politician, serving as the supervisor of Flint Township and a representative to the Michigan Legislature. The family had five daughters and five sons. His son David D. Aitken later operated the farm and served in the United States House of Representatives.</p><br>
<p>River Mill Hydroelectric Project, also known as River Mill Dam and Station M, is a hydroelectric dam and powerhouse in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. It is just north of Estacada, Oregon, on the Clackamas River at river mile 23.5 . It received its name from being near a sawmill that was located along the river.</p><br>
<p>The dam has been in continuous production of hydroelectric power since 1911, when its construction was funded by the Portland Railway, Light and Power Company. It was one of four related projects on the Clackamas River: the Oak Grove Hydroelectric Project (developed 1923–56), the North Fork dam (1958), and the Faraday Dam (1907–10), all upstream (south) of River Mill. All but Faraday, demolished 2018, are still owned and operated by the successor company, Portland General Electric.</p><br>
<p>The principal designer of the original Mill Run Dam was the Norwegian immigrant Nils F. Ambursen (1876–1958). Based in Boston, his Ambursen Hydraulic Construction Company designed over a hundred dams in the United States from 1903 through 1917. Ambursen&#39;s patented concrete-slab-and-buttress dam design was a significant advance in dam design of this era. River Mill is one of only three Ambursen-type dams built west of the Mississippi, and evidently the only one to survive.</p><br>
<p>The project is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and in the Oregon Historic Sites Database of the Oregon State Historic Preservation Office.</p><br>
<p>Riggs National Bank is the historic former headquarters building of Riggs Bank, located at 1503–1505 Pennsylvania Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C., in the downtown Washington, D.C. neighborhood.</p><br>
<p>Designed by architects York and Sawyer in 1899 and completed in 1902, the building is an example of Classical Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>A western office wing designed by Appleton P. Clark Jr. was added between 1922 and 1924.</p><br>
<p>Riggs National Bank was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The building is also a contributing property to the Fifteenth Street Financial Historic District and the Lafayette Square Historic District.</p><br>
<p>James Rogers House in Belleview, Kentucky is a Queen Anne-style farmhouse built in 1903. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>It is a modified T-form frame house with three cross-gables. It was built by carpenters John Presser and Henry Griffith and stonemason Timothy Hogan. It was one of six Queen Anne style buildings identified in Boone County in a survey. A smokehouse and a livestock barn on the property are also contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>Pulaski County Courthouse is a Classical Revival building in Hawkinsville, Georgia dating from 1874. The building is located on the southwest corner of Commerce Street  and North Lumpkin Street. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The core of the building was built in 1874. In 1885, the courthouse&#39;s clock was added. In 1897 and 1910, it had major additions. It is unusual among courthouses for having a chapel, just outside the entrance to the courtroom, which is used for weddings and prayer groups.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse is a contributing building in the Hawkinsville Commercial and Industrial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The John Olness House is a house in Kragnes Township, Clay County, Minnesota, just north of Moorhead on USA Route 75. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as an example of a link between the farm communities and the farm-related businesses in Clay County. The architecture shows influences of the Queen Anne style, which stands out in Clay County because most buildings were in the local vernacular style. The owner, John Olness, was a successful farmer, and he also owned several businesses in the nearby community of Kragnes, including the local grain elevator and lumber yard.</p><br>
<p>The house received media attention during the 2009 Red River Flood. On March 24, 2009, owner Jeremy Kuipers discovered that the floodwaters had overcome a dike along a county road and surrounded the house. Dozens of volunteers filled sandbags and built a dike around the house. The floodwaters are expected to threaten the house for the next two weeks before subsiding.</p><br>
<p>The River Raisin National Battlefield Park preserves the site of the Battle of Frenchtown as the only national battlefield marking a site of the War of 1812. It was established as the 393rd unit of the United States National Park Service under Title VII of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act, which was signed into law on March 30, 2009. The park is located in the city of Monroe in Monroe County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan Historic Site on February 18, 1956 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 1982. The house at 1403 East Elm Avenue was added to the National Register listing in 2019. It officially began operation as a national park unit on October 22, 2010.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The area was the site of the costly Battle of Frenchtown, in which 397 Americans were killed and 547 taken prisoner after surrender to the British Army and Native American coalition during the War of 1812. The fighting took place from January 18–23, 1813. The first engagement, sometimes referred to as the First Battle of the River Raisin, was a success for the American forces. Angered by their forced retreat, the British and Native Americans counterattacked the American forces four days later, on January 22, at the same location along the River Raisin. Many of the Americans were inexperienced troops from Kentucky; they were ill-prepared and unable to retreat.</p><br>
<p>During the Battle of Frenchtown, American brigadier general James Winchester reported that only 33 of his approximate 1,000 men escaped the battlefield. 397 were killed, and 547 were taken prisoner, which marked the deadliest conflict ever on Michigan soil and the worst single defeat the Americans suffered in the entire War of 1812. The day after the battle, dozens of captured Americans too wounded to walk were killed by the Native Americans, mostly Potawatomi, in apparent reprisal for atrocities the Kentuckians had committed against them. This is referred to as the River Raisin Massacre. Prisoners who could walk were marched toward Detroit.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>The River Raisin Battlefield Site was listed as a Michigan Historic Site on February 18, 1956, although the exact date at which the park was first organized is unknown. The location of the site is bounded by North Dixie Highway, the River Raisin, Detroit Avenue, and Mason Run Creek. The Battle of Frenchtown is so named because it took place in and surrounding the Frenchtown Settlement (1784), on the River Raisins north bank and within the present-day city limits of Monroe. The area of conflict extended during the three days of battle several miles to the north and south of the current park site. After the battles, Frenchtown was gradually abandoned and the present-day city of Monroe developed from its downtown site 1.5 miles west and on the opposite bank of the River Raisin. The current park area encompasses some 40 acres (16 ha) of undeveloped land on Monroes east side approximately one-quarter mile (0.4 km) west of Interstate 75. The area contains houses on the outer fringe along East Elm Avenue, and much of the area is occupied by urban development. The River Raisin Paper Company built a large paper mill on the site around 1911, which operated under multiple owners until 1995.</p><br>
<p>The site was recognized nationally when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 1982. It was officially listed as the River Raisin Battlefield Site (20MR227). In July 1990, the Monroe County Historic Commission and the Monroe County Historic Society opened the River Raisin Battlefield Visitor Center within the site at 1403 East Elm Avenue. The museum contains a few relics from the original battle that were discovered during archeological investigations. The park holds a memorial service every January to commemorate all the soldiers who fought in the Battle of Frenchtown, including the British and Indian soldiers who were allied against the Americans.</p><br>
<p>Expansion to the present-day park boundaries commenced in 1995 with closure of the paper mill, at which time the City of Monroe organized efforts to restore the entire battlefield site. The city, Historical Society, and property owner negotiated, acquired and facilitated clean up the former paper mill property and adjacent landfill area for future donation to the park service. In addition they transferred a large expanse of wetlands marsh to the State of Michigan for expansion of the adjacent Sterling State Park. Acquisitions were complete by 2006, the paper mill was demolished by 2009, the cleanup finished in 2010, and land transfers were completed in 2011.</p><br>
<h3>Promotion to the National Park System</h3><br>
<p>The River Raisin Battlefield Site was chosen to be included as a unit of the National Park System. The River Raisin National Battlefield Act (H.R. 401.IH), which was passed by the House of Representatives of the 111th Congress on January 9, 2009, said that the future national battlefield site would include land in both Monroe and Wayne counties that has been deemed significant to the Battle of Frenchtown.</p><br>
<p>The passing of the Omnibus Public Land Management Act on March 30, 2009, allocated the funding necessary to promote the site to the status of a National Battlefield Park. The park had been authorized as such but was not officially established until this bill was passed. It was included in the bill thanks to the work of Michigan natives and United States senators Carl Levin and Debbie Stabenow, as well as Congressman John Dingell, a history enthusiast. The site is only the fourth National Battlefield Park in the United States National Park System and is the only one commemorating the War of 1812. Battlefields, however, have been designated using various terms, even within the national park system. These include National Battlefield (without "Park" in the name), National Military Park, National Battlefield Site, National Historical Park, National Monument, and National Historic Site. River Raisin is the fifth national park unit in Michigan. Others include Isle Royale National Park, Keweenaw National Historical Park, Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, and Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore; Father Marquette National Memorial is an affiliated unit.</p><br>
<p>The park is still being developed to meet National Park Service standards, with elements dependent on additional funding. Some areas have yet to be restored to landscapes of the era of the battle.</p><br>
<p>The battlefield site is expected to generate a positive economic effect in tourism. Projected attendance to the park upon its completion was estimated to range from 20,000 to 25,000 visitors a year, but during FY 2012, the battlefield was visited by 52,027 people. The other three National Battlefield Parks, which all relate to the Civil War, receive more visitors, based on attendance figures from 2005: Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park (1,005,510), Manassas National Battlefield Park (715,622), and Richmond National Battlefield Park (68,438).</p><br>
<p>In 2010 the battlefield park was connected to the nearby Sterling State Park through a newly completed nature trail, which is expected to increase the number of visitors in both parks. The president of the Monroe County Historical Society, William Braunlich, hoped to complete elements in the park before the bicentennial celebration of the Battle of Frenchtown on January 22, 2013. The site began operations as a national park unit on October 22, 2010.</p><br>
<p>In 2014, the park expanded by adding a disconnected coastal parcel that includes a historic corduroy road, a remnant of Hulls Trace, a military road that connected Fort Detroit to Ohio. The Hulls Trace Unit at the beginning of West Jefferson Avenue in Brownstown Township, about 13 miles northeast of the battlefield park, had been managed by Wayne County Parks, and is now cooperatively managed by the National Park Service, the county, USA Silica, and the Michigan Departments of Natural Resources and Environmental Quality. It is an unstaffed site.</p><br>
<p>Spurred in part by planned construction of the Gordie Howe International Bridge between Detroit and Windsor, historic Fort Wayne in Detroit was studied in 2017 and 2018 as a possible addition to the national park system, including as a unit of River Raisin National Battlefield Park. The National Park Service had previously assisted in identifying ways to preserve Fort Wayne and draw visitors.</p><br>
<h2>Historic markers</h2><br>
<p>The Frederick C. Bogk House is a single-family residential project in Milwaukee, Wisconsin designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. Bogk was an alderman and secretary-treasurer of the Ricketson Paint Works. This house embodies Wright&#39;s prairie style elements into a solid-looking structure that appears impregnable.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the mid-1910s, developer Arthur Richards was readying to promote Wrights short-lived American System-Built Homes (ASBH), which were standardized home designs for moderate income housing. During this time, Wright designed several projects for Richards and his clients including the prototype ASBH Burnham Block, the Munkwitz Apartments (Milwaukee, 1916), and this residence for Frederick C. Bogk. Wright assigned Russell Williamson (Russell Barr Williamson), whom he had hired in 1914 as a draftsperson, to supervise the Munkwitz and Bogk projects. During this time, Wrights popularity was in decline, mostly due to personal troubles. The house was designed shortly after the murder of his mistress, Mamah Borthwick, and destruction of the residential wing at his home, Taliesin, and during the same period as his Imperial Hotel in Tokyo.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1917 at a cost of $15,000. Robert and Barbara Elsner, purchased the home in 1955.</p><br>
<p>In 1955, Robert Elsner wrote to ask Wright of his impression of the home and Wright replied that it was "a good house of a good period for a good client."</p><br>
<p>The home was purchased from the Elsner family in 2023.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The façade of the Bogk house, with its buff brick columns framing leaded art glass windows, capped by decorative cast concrete under broad eaves and a low pitched hip roof suggests the influence of the Imperial Hotel in Japan, which was under construction at the time this house was built. The sophisticated balance of horizontal and vertical lines further reflects the strong Japanese influence.</p><br>
<p>The understated entrance is located at the side of the house, opening onto the driveway. The first-floor interior is a fluid succession of rooms sprawling under a low-lying ceiling. The living room extends across the front of the house, with a dining room at the right rear of the living room, up a few steps. A bedroom above the attached garage at the rear was for the maid; this extends out of the rectangular plan of the main house. There are four bedrooms and a sitting room upstairs.</p><br>
<p>Tall, narrow leaded glass windows both frame the regular windows, and appear by themselves as design elements. Similar glass panes are embedded in interior brick walls, with lights behind. There is a tiled goldfish pond against one wall of the living room, and a plaque above it with an image of cranes. Built-in light fixtures and other decorative elements are common. There is some built-in furniture, such as desks and bookshelves. The other furniture is not original to the house, but is Wrights design. The current carpeting is a reproduction of Wrights original design.</p><br>
<p>Gracehill Moravian Church and Cemetery is a historic church and cemetery located southwest of Washington, Iowa, United States. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Gracehill reflects the religious aspirations of the founders of the settlement. There are also similarly-named places in other countries, for example Gracehill in Ireland.</p><br>
<p>In 1854 the Provincial Board of the Moravian Church provided the funds to Amos Miksch to buy a substantial amount of property to create a Moravian settlement. Lots of various sizes were sold to colony members. Gracehill was organized in 1866, and the church building was completed the next year.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was laid out the same year. The church is a simple rectangular, frame structure that measures 50 by. A two-stage bell tower rises over the main entrance. From 1908 until it closed in 1970 Gracehill was the last of Iowa&#39;s seven Moravian communities. While the congregation continued until 1970, the last resident minister left in 1932. Graves in the cemetery were originally laid out with men on the north and women on the south. After the 1890s people were buried in family plots.</p><br>
<p>Old Brick Church, which is also known as Ebenezer Associate Reformed Presbyterian  Church or First Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church is a church built in 1788 about 4 mi north of Jenkinsville on SC 213 in Fairfield County, South Carolina. It was named to the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1971. It is one of the few 18th-century churches surviving in the South Carolina midlands.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1770s, Presbyterian settlers from Scotland and Ireland built a log church. This was replaced by a brick church on the Little River in 1788. This church is a simple, rectangular, brick building with a gabled roof. The bricks were handmade by members of the congregation. The church has straight-back, wooden pews. There is a dais pulpit against the east wall that is three steps above floor level. The dais has a bible stand and has rails on the two sides. On the west end, there is a slave gallery. In 1852, a stone wall was built around the church and cemetery.</p><br>
<p>Pastors of the church include James Rogers (1791–1830), James Boyce (1832–1843), Thomas Ketchin (1844–1852), C.B. Betts (1855–1869), Allen Grier Kirkpatrick (1896–1899).</p><br>
<p>On May 9, 1803, the church was used for a meeting of ministers and church elders that resulted in the formation of the Associate Reformed Synod of the Carolinas. Although not the first Associate Reformed Church in South Carolina, Old Brick Church is considered the "mother church" or "birthplace" of the ARP Church in South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The church grew in the period of before the Civil War. But many of its male congregants enlisted in the Confederate Army once war began in 1861. Several are buried in the church graveyard. During the war, Union Army soldiers used part of the floor to reconstruct a bridge over the Little River. There is a pencilled apology on an interior wall that was left by soldier "Citizens of this community: Please excuse us for defacing your house of worship, so much. It was absolutely necessary to effect a crossing over the creek, the Rebs had destroyed the bridge. A Yankee."</p><br>
<p>After the war, the church congregation shrank. After Rev. Betts resigned in 1869, the church had infrequent supply pastors, but it eventually disappeared from the Presbytery rolls. In the 1891, the church was revived by Rev. A. G. Kirkpatrick, who was pastor in another church. In 1893, it was reorganized on August 25, 1893. In 1896, Kirkpatrick became its pastor.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, the congregation moved to a new building. Old Brick Church is used for special services.</p><br>
<h2>Historical Marker</h2><br>
<p>The site was made a historical marker in 1962 by Fairfield County Chamber of Commerce. The historical marker is located near Jenkinsville Fairfield County South Carolina on Monjicono Road. The historical marker sets a point in history where religion was brought to the area and represents an important place during the American Civil War. The marker is also a record of time which the rock wall was added in 1852</p><br>
<p>The Piti Guns or Piti Coastal Defense Guns is the site of three Vickers-type Model 3 140 mm coastal defense guns in the War in the Pacific National Historical Park in Piti, Guam. The Japanese manufactured these Model 3 coastal defense guns in 1914. During the Japanese Occupation of Guam from 1941 to 1944, they built up defensive positions on the island. The Chamorro population was forced to work in building up these defenses, and did so here at the Piti Guns.</p><br>
<p>The Piti guns were strategically placed in a village consisting mostly of rice paddies in 1944. This area was chosen to defend the beach at Asan from a possible invasion. These guns have a firing range of close to 10 mi and were intended for use against ships and landing craft. When the United States Armed Forces came to retake the island on July 21, 1944, these guns were not fully operational. Consequently, not one of the three coastal defense guns was ever fired. However, these guns are representative of the type of weapons used by the Japanese on Guam for fortification efforts.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting</h2><br>
<p>The Piti Guns are located in the War in the Pacific National Historical Park in Piti, Guam, and are freely accessible by the general public. The trailhead is located at in a residential neighborhood behind a church social hall on Father Mel Street in Piti, Guam. The guns are located a short walk up a staircase from the trailhead.</p><br>
<p>The Historic Anderson House Hotel is a hotel and event venue in Wabasha, Minnesota, United States. The hotel opened in 1856 and was Minnesotas oldest continuously operating bed and breakfast inn west of the Mississippi River. Most of the furniture dates back to 1856 as well. The building was expanded in 1887. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Hurd House–Anderson Hotel in 1978 for having local significance in the theme of commerce. It was nominated for being a prominent and long-operating business originating in the years of Wabashas rapid growth as a river and rail transportation hub. In 1982 it was also listed as a contributing property to the Wabasha Commercial Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hotel was built by B.F. Hurd in 1856 and was known as the Hurd House until 1909. Hurd&#39;s son-in-law became owner of the hotel in 1885 and added a third story and a west wing. He also installed electricity and modern bathrooms. In 1909 the Anderson family purchased the business and renamed it the Anderson Hotel.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was known for the Dutch cooking in the restaurant; a 1948 Anderson family cookbook had 500 recipes. It was also famous for the cats which hotel guests could stay with for overnight companionship. A 1990 children&#39;s book, Blumpoe the Grumpoe Meets Arnold the Cat, told the story of a curmudgeon who traveled to Wabasha and was endeared to the black-and-white cat that slept in his room.</p><br>
<p>The hotel closed for business on March 19, 2009, as a result of the economic downturn. Owners Teresa and Mike Smith had been trying to sell the inn for three years, but were unsuccessful. They had been subsidizing the inn with their retirement savings but eventually had to declare bankruptcy.</p><br>
<p>In 2011 the hotel was purchased by the Yenters and was remodeled. The hotel reopened a few months later, replacing the restaurant with a museum and ending the tradition of cats in rooms.</p><br>
<p>Lincoln Depot is located in Springfield, Illinois. It is so called because Abraham Lincoln&#39;s bittersweet 1861 Farewell Address to Springfield was delivered here as he boarded the train to Washington D.C. at the beginning of his presidency.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The depot was constructed by The Great Western Railroad in 1852. It was damaged by fire in 1857, which required extensive remodeling. The Great Western Railroad merged with several other small railroads to form the Toledo, Wabash, and Western Railroad, which later became the Wabash Railroad. The company moved its Springfield passenger operations to a building located at Tenth and Washington Streets and operated the old building as a freight house. A second story was added in 1900.</p><br>
<p>The Depot was sold when the Wabash consolidated its operations in Decatur, Illinois. The building housed a variety of businesses, and was used as a warehouse or storage space. It was purchased by a local group in the 1960s with the intention of restoring it as a historic site. This group operated the Depot as a museum from 1965 to 1976. Displays included a mix of artifacts, including Lincoln and non-Lincoln items.</p><br>
<p>Fire again damaged the building in December 1968. Arson was suspected in the severely damaged building, but was not proven. Some parts of the structure, dating to Lincoln&#39;s time, survived.</p><br>
<p>The building was again restored, and Sangamon State University operated the Depot from 1977 to 1980. The operation was financed through a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. With the renovations, the University implemented a new purpose for the site. Though still operated as a museum, it was also used as training in site management and interpretation for History majors.</p><br>
<p>The University had to discontinue operations due to lack of funding. Copley Press, owners of the depot and the immediately neighboring State Journal-Register newspaper, took on the management of the building. The building was purchased by local attorney Jon Gray Noll in 2012. After extensive renovation, the Noll Law Office moved its operation to the mezzanine and 2nd floor in March, 2013. The first floor has reopened as a tourist site. It is now operated by the combined efforts of The Noll Law Office and the Lincoln Home National Historic Site. The National Park Service Rangers provide interpretation during the open season.</p><br>
<h2>Lincoln</h2><br>
<p>The depot, located just two blocks from the Lincoln Home, was the location from which Lincoln gave his Farewell Address to his fellow Springfield citizens. On a dark, gloomy morning in 1861, citizens of Springfield assembled at the station to see Lincoln off. The office was used as a reception room, and his friends and neighbors filed past, taking his hand. As the train pulled in, he mounted the rear platform. Before his journey to Washington D.C., he delivered an impromptu and emotional farewell address.</p><br>
<p>A video, narrated by Scott Simon, is shown on the second floor. It describes Lincoln&#39;s 12-day journey to Washington.</p><br>
<p>On the anniversary of Abraham Lincolns birth in 1956, the Depot was used as a backdrop for a reenactment of Lincolns farewell to Springfield. Lincoln was portrayed by G. William Horsley of Springfield.</p><br>
<p>The speech was recalled by Lincoln&#39;s Washington DC pastor at his funeral on April 19, 1865: "I speak what I know, and testify what I have often heard him say, when I affirm that that guidance and mercy were the props on which he humbly and habitually leaned; they were the best hope he had for himself and for his country. Hence, when he was leaving his home in Illinois, and coming to this city to take his seat in the executive chair of a disturbed and troubled nation, he said to the old and tried friends who gathered tearfully around him and bade him farewell, "I leave you with this request: pray for me." They did pray for him; and millions of other people prayed for him; nor did they pray in vain. Their prayer was heard, and the answer appears in all his subsequent history; it shines forth with a heavenly radiance in the whole course and tenor of his administration, from its commencement to its close. God raised him up for a great and glorious mission, furnished him for his work, and aided him in its accomplishment."</p><br>
<h2>Historic Site</h2><br>
<p>A historical marker was erected at the station in 1966. It is located at the intersection of Monroe Street and 10th Street. It reads:</p><br>
<p>"From this building on February 11, 1861 Abraham Lincoln departed Springfield, Illinois to assume the Presidency of the United States. After bidding farewell to a number of friends, he delivered a brief, spontaneous and moving farewell address to the crowd, estimated at 1,000, from the rear platform of the train."</p><br>
<p>Marker series. This marker is included in the Lincoln 1861 Inaugural Train Stops marker series.</p><br>
<p>The depot was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 2014.</p><br>
<p>Honeymoon Creek Snow-Survey Cabin, also known as Seven Lakes Cabin, near Ashland, Oregon, was built in 1943. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant for its association with the Bureau of Agricultural Engineering/Soil Conservation Service&#39;s snow-survey program in southwestern Oregon. The cabin was not part of the first period of SCS snow-survey cabin construction in the 1930s, but it was built in the same design and by the same persons as built the first such cabin at South Lake.</p><br>
<p>The Honeymoon Creek Snow-Survey Cabin is located in the Butte Falls Ranger District, in Klamath County. The Whaleback Snow-Survey Cabin (1937), in the Prospect Ranger District in Douglas County, is also NRHP-listed.</p><br>
<p>The Antelope Creek Bridge is a wooden covered bridge, 58 ft long, spanning Little Butte Creek in Eagle Point in the USA state of Oregon. Constructed in 1922 by brothers Wes and Lyle Hartman, it originally spanned Antelope Creek, north of Medford. Antelope Creek is a tributary of Little Butte Creek, which it enters about 2 mi downstream of Eagle Point. According to Oregon&#39;s Covered Bridges, at its original location the bridge carried "the old Medford – Crater Lake Road" over Antelope Creek.</p><br>
<p>After a newer span replaced the bridge at its original location, it was no longer used by vehicles, and it deteriorated. Even so, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in 1979.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, to save the bridge, volunteers took it down and reassembled it over Little Butte Creek in Eagle Point. Since then it has served as a pedestrian bridge in Covered Bridge Park, adjacent to the veterans&#39; memorial.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, after its move to Eagle Point, the bridge was temporarily delisted because restoration work had created side windows that were not part of the original. In 2012, after correction of those alterations, the bridge was re-added to the NRHP.</p><br>
<p>Notable features of the bridge include its queenpost truss modified by addition of a kingpost, its ribbon openings under the eaves, and its cantilevered buttresses. The bridge has a cedar roof, semi-circular portals, and board siding without battens.</p><br>
<p>Olallie Lake Guard Station is a former guard station in the Clackamas ranger district of the Mt. Hood National Forest, in Jefferson County, Oregon. Built in 1939, the cabin is in the Olallie Scenic Area near Olallie Butte and Mount Jefferson in the Cascade Mountains. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination explains its significance:Possessing very high qualities of design and execution, the Guard Station is a very good example of an architectural locution invested with special aesthetic and associative values by the agency that created it.</p><br>
<p>The Aztec Hotel is a historical landmark building in Monrovia, in the San Gabriel Valley, California. The hotel is an example of Mayan Revival architecture still in existence. It was designed by architect Robert Stacy-Judd, and built on USA Route 66 in 1925-26. The hotel opened to the public in September 1925, and contained over 40 rooms.</p><br>
<p>The hotel has a revivalist style that mixes an abstraction from Maya architecture sources along with art deco and Spanish Colonial Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Aztec Hotel was designated a National Historic Landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The hotels owners began restoration to preserve as much of the original ornamentation as possible in 2000 under the National Park Services Route 66 Corridor Preservation Program. Kathie Reece-McNeill undertook a renovation of the Aztec Hotel between 2000-2005. She utilized funds and expertise provided by the State of California Office of Historic Preservation and the National Route 66 Foundation. Project Manager Glen Duncan and Historic Architect Joe Catalano worked on the renovation.</p><br>
<p>The hotel was featured in the 2009 romantic comedy Spooner. Scenes were filmed in front of the hotel as well as many interior scenes showing the lobby, bar, hallways and inside one of the rooms.</p><br>
<p>The Aztec Hotel has been reputed to be haunted for decades. San Gabriel Valley in Time notes "The Aztec Hotel has gained notoriety for being one of the most haunted places in the San Gabriel Valley. These reported stories have helped increase the lure of the Hotel and its history."</p><br>
<p>The hotel was closed for renovations in 2012. As of 2021, the Aztec Hotel remains closed with the opening date still unknown.</p><br>
<p>The Oaks, also known as William N. Monroe House, is a Stick/Eastlake Queen Anne Style house that was built in 1885. It is located in the San Gabriel Valley, in Monrovia, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built for William Newton Monroe, one of the founders and namesake of the city of Monrovia. Monroe lived in the house for only four years, after which it served a one-year stint as the Monrovia Ladies&#39; College of the University of Southern California. It again served as a private residence until the 1940s when it became a boarding house. It was converted back a single family house in 1977.</p><br>
<p>The Oaks is the second oldest house in Monrovia, notable as a local example of Victorian architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>The Mt. Pleasant Presbyterian Church, known as Christian Church at Mt. Pleasant or Mt. Pleasant Community Church, was built in 1854 near Stayton, Oregon. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 for its architecture.</p><br>
<p>It was built on land donated by Washington Crabtree. The church was subject of some conflict between two groups that used the church:In its early years, the church served alternately as a meeting place for the Cumberland Presbyterian and Christian groups. Benjamin Franklin Irvine belonged to the former sect and Crabtree to the latter. The church&#39;s denomination depended upon which of the men secured the minister. Services also were held in the buiLding whenever a circuit rider or evangelist traveled through the neighborhood. At one time a division between the "sprinkling" and "total immersion" groups became so heated that Crabtree, on whose land the building stood, is reported to have kept the church filled with hay for two years. A reconciliation was finally reached and the church reopened.</p><br>
<p>Wilder Apartments, also known as Emerald Manor, is an Early Commercial-style apartment building in Eugene, Oregon that was built in 1927. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>The three-story building has 20 units. Each originally had at least one Murphy bed built in.</p><br>
<p>The Wilder Apartments were found to meet historical significance criteria laid out in a 2000 study of "Residential Architecture in Eugene, Oregon, 1850-1950".</p><br>
<p>Wildcat Creek Bridge is a covered bridge built in 1925 at Austa, near Walton, in the USA state of Oregon. It uses Howe truss engineering and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. The 75 ft bridge carries Austa Road over Wildcat Creek near its confluence with the Siuslaw River.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is among those for which Lane County minted commemorative coins between 2005 and July 2012 for sale to the public to raise funds to maintain and repair covered bridges.Lane County has 17 covered bridges, 14 of which are active. Through 2012, the county issued 325 Wildcat Creek Bridge coins.</p><br>
<p>Ten Mile Creek Bridge  is a Conde McCullough-designed bridge near Yachats in Lane County in the USA state of Oregon. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The bridge carries USA Route 101 over Tenmile Creek. McCullough designed the structure in 1931. Built of reinforced concrete through a tied arch, the total length of the bridge is 180 ft with a main span of 120 ft. Ornate precast concrete railings run along the sides.</p><br>
<p>The Highway 78 Bridge at the Red River is an eight-span through truss bridge</p><br>
<p>over the Red River between Oklahoma and Texas on Oklahoma State Highway 78/Texas State Highway 78. It was built as a federal relief project during the Great Depression as part of President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal. Today the bridge and the area retain the look and feel of the time of its construction. As part of Highway 78 the bridges average daily traffic (as of 2006) was 1,700 cars per day.</p><br>
<p>The original bridge was demolished after flood damage and a new bridge built in 2018</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The State Highway 78 Bridge at the Red River replaced a suspension bridge that collapsed on January 15, 1934. The former bridge had been opened as a toll bridge in July 1927. It was purchased by Oklahoma and Texas for use as a free bridge. It collapsed in a storm after the swinging bridge&#39;s wire cables became twisted and snapped.</p><br>
<p>As a Federal Relief Project funded by the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 construction began on February 16, 1937. It was completed in 1938.</p><br>
<p>The bridge marks the location of Sowell&#39;s Bluff.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Oklahoma Highway Commission designed the bridge. Constructed in 1937-1938 by the Kansas City Bridge Co. of Kansas City, Missouri.</p><br>
<p>the bridge is designed as a rare example of a K-Parker through truss bridge with camelback pony spans.</p><br>
<p>The bridge consists of eight riveted K-truss through spans with two camelback pony truss spans at each end.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois Steel Bridge Company of Jacksonville, Illinois was subcontracted to fabricate the trusses.</p><br>
<p>Leesburg is an unincorporated community in Lemhi County, Idaho, United States. It lies at {{coord|45|13|26|N|114|6|50|W|type:city}}, along Napias Creek in the Salmon National Forest, west of Salmon. Its altitude is 6,653 feet .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Leesburg&#39;s population was 75 in 1909. The community possessed a post office as late as 1942, but it has since closed. Little remains of the original community. The entire site has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1975.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Leesburg was established after gold was discovered at the Leesburg Mine on July 16, 1866. The mining town was named for General Robert E. Lee because most of the settlers were Southerners. It once had a population of 7,000, including Chinese; 100 business firms; and a main street a mile long. Miners dug over 400 miles of ditches to carry water to sluice out gold. By 1930 placer mining was carried on nearly entirely by hydraulic methods. The mine produced nearly $16,000,000 in gold prior to 1938.*</p><br>
<p>Names Hill is a bluff located on the bank of the Green River in the USA state of Wyoming, where travelers on the Oregon and California trails carved their names into the rock. It is one of three notable "recording areas" along the emigrant trails in Wyoming along with Register Cliff and Independence Rock. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 16, 1969.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Names Hill was located near a heavily used crossing of the Green River. The earliest human recordings at the site are Native American pictographs. European American names began appearing as early as 1822 as mountain men crossed the river on their way to the beaver streams of the Western Rocky Mountains. In 1844, Caleb Greenwood and Isaac Hitchcock lead the first wagon train over what would later be called the Sublette-Greenwood Cutoff along the way crossing the Green River at Names Hill. The wagon trains would rest at the Green River following a 40 mi waterless trek across the prairie, providing an opportunity for travelers to add their names to the hill.</p><br>
<p>Among the more famous names inscribed on the rock is famed mountain man Jim Bridger. Some have disputed the authenticity of the signature as Bridger was thought to have been illiterate.</p><br>
<p>The Edward W. St. Pierre House is a historic house in the West Salem neighborhood of Salem, Oregon, United States. It is also known as Elkirk Ranch and was built in 1911. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant:as that place which is most importantly associated with the leader of early prison reform in Oregon. Although E. W. St. Pierre had retired at the time the ranch was developed, he carried on his connection with the State Penitentiary which he had done so much to improve, by acting in the capacity of visiting chaplain. Edward Walter St. Pierre (1859-1917) and his wife both were natives of Illinois and were educated there. Their arrival in Portland in 1894 was preceded by extensive missionary service in Persia on behalf of the Presbyterian Church. While a clergyman at Portlands St. Johns Presbyterian Church, St. Pierre helped form the Prisoners Aid Society in 1903 to assist released convicts. His commitment to social reforms attracted the notice of the government, and he was tapped to serve inmates of the Oregon State Penitentiary as the first permanent chaplain. During the tenure of Governor Earle Chamberlain, 1903-1909, he urged enactment of a parole system as an incentive to rehabilitation, and became Oregons first State parole officer in 1906. St. Pierre believed, in keeping with the progressive ideology of his day, that inmates should be segregated based on the degree of their offenses as a means of preventing the "hardening" of youthful offenders. He advocated rehabilitation of inmates through education and job training. He improved the prison library, started an orchestra there, and founded a prison newspaper. A chapel was constructed inside the prison compound in 1911, before ill health forced St. Pierres retirement later in the same year. It no longer stands, having been replaced in the 1960s. Neither are either of the houses the St. Pierres occupied near downtown Salem during Governor Chamberlains term of office extant. Thus "Elkirk Ranch" clearly is the remaining property most importantly associated with the reformer during the years he lived and ministered in the capital city and environs.</p><br>
<p>The two-story house has wood siding.</p><br>
<p>It is 35x50 ft in plan. Its interior has fir floors throughout and includes "fine Craftsman details with square, boxed pillars at the central stair landing, and built-in cupboards in the living room, dining room and study."</p><br>
<p>The Edward F. Sharp Residential Ensemble, also known as the Sharp Family Residential Ensemble, is a set of three adjacent historic houses in The Dalles, Oregon, United States. Edward Sharp  was the county surveyor and roadmaster whose work underlies much of the development in The Dalles and Wasco County. As the official surveyor for the Eastern Oregon Land Company, he also conducted important early surveys across large stretches of Oregon and Idaho. He built the houses at 400 and 404 E. 4th Street for himself and his family , and the house at 504 Federal Street for employees . Because the houses remained under common ownership in the Sharp family for many years, they have retained an exceptional level of preservation. The houses on 4th Street are also exceptional local examples of the Queen Anne  and Craftsman  styles.</p><br>
<p>The ensemble was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Garth School is an historic school building located on South Broadway Street in Georgetown, Kentucky. Built in 1925 as a high school, the building currently houses Garth Elementary School. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 1988.</p><br>
<p>It is a Collegiate Gothic-style 250x110 ft red brick building with stone trim. It overlooks a 6 acre lawn with two terraces.</p><br>
<p>Sansom Row is a row of historic houses located at 3402 to 3436 Sansom Street in the University City neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>History and architectural features</h2><br>
<p>Built from 1869 to 1871, the rowhouses were constructed in matching three-story pairs, with brownstone facades and slate mansard roofs. They are significant as a surviving example of post-Civil War architecture in the area.</p><br>
<p>Madame Blavatsky, a founder of Theosophy and the Theosophical Society, lived for a time in the rowhouse located at 3420 Sansom Street.</p><br>
<p>The houses were built as residences but most have been converted to other, mainly commercial uses. In the 1970s it became a popular locale among the University of Pennsylvania community and local residents for its restaurants and shops, like La Terrasse, White Dog Cafe and The Black Cat.</p><br>
<p>The National Savings and Trust Company is a historic bank building located at the corner of New York Avenue and 15th Street, NW in Downtown Washington, D.C. It has also been known as the National Safe Deposit Company and the National Safe Deposit Savings and Trust Company.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was designed by architect James H. Windrim and built in 1888. The Queen Anne Style building is constructed in red brick, and elaborately detailed with copper and terra cotta.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 16, 1972, and is a contributing property to the Financial Historic District.</p><br>
<p>John T. Hash House, also known as Monahan House, is a house built in Dayton, Oregon in c. 1912. The property, which also includes a barn as another contributing building, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The house was deemed significant as "one of the few Craftsman style buildings found in Dayton." As of 1984 the house was in good condition and had undergone only minor alterations from its original form.</p><br>
<p>The shiplap-sided house has two stories in a square front section, and has a one-story addition at the rear. Its plan is 28 ft by 62 ft. The architectural features which make it classifiable as "Craftsman" are not detailed in the available Dayton Historic Resource Survey document about the house, but it is noted that first-floor windows have crown moldings, that the front door has ornamental woodwork and an oval glass-light, and that the porch is supported by three classical, turned columns.</p><br>
<p>The Muscatine Avenue Moffitt Cottage Historic District is a National Register of Historic Places district that includes five stone cottages in Iowa City epitomizing the eccentric vernacular architectural style of Howard Moffitt. Moffitt constructed more than 100 houses in Iowa City and Coralville, Iowa, and a few in Citrus City, Texas. These small houses represent one of the regional 20th-century vernacular architectural styles in the United States. Howard Moffitt was a prolific builder.</p><br>
<h2>Howard Moffitt</h2><br>
<p>Howard Francis Moffitt was a prolific builder, constructing between 100 and 200 homes in Iowa City and Coralville between 1924 and 1943. With no formal training in construction or architecture, Moffitt began building homes as a side business from his auto parts distributorship. Moffitts house designs appear to have been concocted from magazine photos, consultation with friends, limitations of available building supplies, and whimsy. In 1943 Moffitt moved to Citrus City, Texas, and attempted to reproduce his success there, however only seven or eight houses were built in Texas. Moffitts Iowa City houses appear to be a response to increasing demand for affordable small houses, especially rental houses, in the growing university town.</p><br>
<h2>The Moffitt house style</h2><br>
<p>No two Moffitt houses are identical. Moffitt&#39;s building style was so eclectic that there are many homes in Iowa City in which there is no sure way to determine if Moffitt built them; his building records do not survive. "These mystical dwellings look as if Germanic elves constructed houses for Irish pixies", is how one writer described them. In general Moffitt houses borrow heavily from the English Cottage, Storybook, and American Craftsman styles of architecture, although there are examples of Moffitt building in styles reminiscent of southwestern stucco adobe and Prairie School styles. Several of his houses have concave or hipped roofs. While there is no single architectural aspect that includes all Moffitt houses, there are some common design and decoration schemes that are commonly seen in Moffitt houses. These include:</p><br>
<p>Large tapering chimney</p><br>
<p>Steeply-peaked roofs and dormers</p><br>
<p>Built-in small garages (uncommon in such small houses)</p><br>
<p>Spindle porch columns</p><br>
<p>Copious use of recycled material (trolley track rails used as main supports; chair backs used as decoration; reused brick, stone, timber, barnboard, and nails).</p><br>
<p>Multiple levels inside the structure</p><br>
<p>An exterior mix of shingle, stone, brick, stucco, and wood siding, often on the same structure; brick and stone often laid in irregular or whimsical patterns; cladding is often patchwork.</p><br>
<p>Structural problems such as bowed floors and plumbing and electrical work encased in plaster</p><br>
<p>Use of a cellulosic insulation treated to be fireproof</p><br>
<p>Concrete aggregates that include found stone, broken glass</p><br>
<p>The Albany Monteith Historic District, also known as Monteith Historic District, in Albany, Oregon, United States, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1980. It includes the Alfred Dawson House, which is separately listed on the NRHP. The district was expanded in 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Monteith District, located on the west side of downtown Albany, is named after Walter and Thomas Monteith, the founders of Albany. After arriving in Oregon from New York in 1847, the Monteith brothers completed the first frame house in Albany in 1849, which now serves as a museum and is said to be the most authentically restored Pioneer Era home in Oregon. Much of the earlier history centers around the Monteith House.</p><br>
<p>The Monteith district contains a number of churches. A former United Presbyterian Church, now known as "Whitespires", is located at the corner of Washington and Fifth. It was built in 1891 and is noted for its stained glass windows and Carpenter Gothic details. Its spire is the highest point in Albany.</p><br>
<p>In 1851, the Monteith family built and owned the Magnolia Flouring Mills along the Calapooia River. With the mill in operation, the first boat ever to travel the upper Willamette River, the Multnomah, arrived in Albany, thereby increasing Albany&#39;s shipping potential for the manufacturing and farming industries.</p><br>
<p>The Monteith Historic District was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 29, 1980. The time period of significance for all of Albany&#39;s historic districts was expanded in 2000 from 1849 to 1915 to 1849 to 1945 to capture resources and architectural styles constructed between 1915 and 1945 that reflect the growth and development of Albany. The Monteith District was expanded in November 2008 to add 78 properties on the southwest corner of the original boundary to include a cohesive collection of early to mid-twentieth century residential buildings. Many distinct architectural styles grace the district. Included are Federal, Craftsman, Classical Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne, French Second Empire, Stick, Eastlake, Colonial Revival, Rural Vernacular, Transitional Box, Bungalow, American Renaissance, Depression/World War II Cottages, and eclectic hybrids that combine elements of these styles.</p><br>
<h2>Notable structures</h2><br>
<p>The Monteith Historic District is home to many different buildings of interest, including the Monteith House located at 518 Second Avenue, which now used as a museum. It is owned by the City of Albany, and the non-profit Monteith Historic Society provides financial and volunteer resources for its maintenance, restoration and operation. Another notable structure is the Breckenridge House at 1122 Ferry Street SW.</p><br>
<p>The USA Custom House or USA Customhouse is the custom house in Charleston, South Carolina. Construction began in 1852, but was interrupted in 1859 due to costs and the possibility of South Carolina&#39;s secession from the Union. After the Civil War, construction was restarted in 1870 and completed in 1879. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 9, 1974. It is also a contributing property of the Charleston Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Design competition</h2><br>
<p>In the tense pre-Civil War period, the federal government felt that building a new custom house in Charleston to replace the Old Custom House would be a positive sign to South Carolina. A design competition with a US$300 prize was announced. About ten architects submitted entries. The four known entrants were three Charlestonian architects: Edward Brickell White, Edward C. Jones, and Peter H. Hammarskold and one Savannah, Georgia architect, John S. Norris. Noted New York architect, James Renwick submitted a late entry, which was returned. The commission judging the entries selected the Jones design and submitted the plans to the Secretary of the Treasury in Washington, DC.</p><br>
<p>There was lobbying while the decision was being made. Robert Mills submitted plans to the Secretary. Eventually, Ammi Burnham Young was selected to produce a new design incorporating features of the four competitive entries. White was appointed the superintending architect. Jones, Hammarskold, Norris, and White were awarded US$200 for their entries.</p><br>
<p>The final plans were for a two-story, cross-shaped building with an elevated, rusticated basement. It was to be 259 ft from west to east and 152 ft from north to south. The west and east arms had Roman porticoes supported by Corinthian limestone columns and steps down to grade. The north and south arms were porticoes. The walls had Corinthian engaged columns between the windows. There was a dome supported by Corinthian columns. The building was to be 160 ft above grade. Except for the change from Doric to Corinthian order and for the high dome, the building bore resemblance to the Boston Customhouse that Young had recently designed.</p><br>
<h2>Pre-Civil War construction</h2><br>
<p>Land was purchased at Fitzsimons Wharf at East Bay and Market. Construction started in 1853 under Whites direction. Since the location was marshy, 7,000 piles that were 40 ft long were driven into the sand and were cut off at grade. A grillage or network of timber was laid. and a thick bed of concrete was constructed for the foundation. The granite walls of the basement were finished by 1855. After the marble-faced walls were erected, the columns were begun in 1858.</p><br>
<p>In 1859, there was increasing concern in Congress over the possible secession of South Carolina and the costs of construction. Representative John Letcher from Virginia called for a cessation of construction. Representative William Porcher Miles defended the construction with little enthusiasm. No funds were appropriated to continue construction in 1859.</p><br>
<p>White proposed eliminating the costly dome and replacing it with skylights. With the possibility of war, Congress only appropriated funds for protecting the construction from rain.</p><br>
<h2>Post-Civil War construction</h2><br>
<p>During the war, the building was damaged by shelling. In 1870, construction resumed. The original marble came from Hastings, New York. Because that quarry was abandoned, new marble was obtained from Tuckahoe, New Jersey. Alfred B. Mullett prepared revised drawings. Alterations made at his direction included the loss of the dome, the elimination of the north and south porticoes, and changes to the west entrance. The dome in Ammi B. Young&#39;s original design was replaced in 1876 with skylights that covered a two-story, square cortile or inside patio. Fluted Corinthian columns surround the iron second floor gallery. The gallery is ornamented with fluted pilasters. The north and south porticoes were probably converted to office space at this stage.</p><br>
<p>The windows are rectangular with pediments. The portico entrance doors are also pediment-ed. The buildings were topped with an entablature with architrave and an unadorned frieze with a dentiled cornice. The building has a low roof with an open balustrade.</p><br>
<p>Construction was completed in 1879. The total cost of construction was about US$2,806,000.</p><br>
<h2>Later history</h2><br>
<p>It is possible that the north and south portico were enclosed to increase office space in repairs after the 1886 Charleston earthquake.</p><br>
<p>In 1906, a heating system replaced the use of stoves and coal grates. In 1910, plumbing and electrical lighting were installed.</p><br>
<p>By the 1960s, the Custom House was used by a number of federal agencies. Threatened with demolition, local preservationists with the help of Representative Mendel Rivers worked to save the building.</p><br>
<p>In 1964, "UNITED STATES CUSTOM HOUSE" was engraved in the frieze above the west portico. In 1968, over US$212,000 was spent on restoration.</p><br>
<p>St George&#39;s Roman Catholic Church is located in Louisville, Kentucky and is a Neo-Baroque church constructed in 1915. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places  in 1982, and the listing was increased in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Founding</h2><br>
<p>The first iteration of the parish was chartered in 1897, and a church, rectory and school was constructed along 18th Street in Marysville, later incorporated into Louisville. Due to a rapidly increasing population in the working-class neighborhood, Louisville architect Frederick Erhart was hired to design a Romanesque Revival church that was dedicated in 1910.</p><br>
<p>The old church was reused for an expansion of the school, which was later augmented with several additions.</p><br>
<h2>1915 Relocation</h2><br>
<p>In 1915, the original rectory was relocated from its original location facing 18th Street to Standard Avenue, and it was given a new foundation and brick veneer. In the place of the original, a larger two-story rectory was constructed, attached to the church by a central corridor.</p><br>
<p>Population in the region contained to swell, so construction was completed on a new, three-level catholic school in 1923 along Standard Avenue. The school was expanded with a two-story addition in 1935, which included the completion of a smokestack and boiler, and two small, attached sheds.</p><br>
<h2>1925 Relocation</h2><br>
<p>Two years later, the Dixie Highway, later known as USA Route 31W, was established along 18th Street. The new designation brought forth additional traffic, and the roadway was widened to four-lanes. In addition, the Louisville & Nashville Railroad eliminated multiple at-grade crossings and replaced them with underpasses. As a result, the church property was affected and the building was relocated to face Standard Avenue in October.</p><br>
<p>Continued growth in the neighborhood necessitated another expansion for the church, however, World War II delayed any construction until the war was resolved. In 1947, the expansion, a gymnasium and classroom complex, was completed in two stages that was finished in the following year. The final construction project was the completion of a two-story convent in 1959.</p><br>
<p>The church was moved at some point. The NRHP listing was increased in 1996 to include a rectory and additional buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Pugh House is a historic house on US Route 65 in Portland, Arkansas. The house was built c. 1905 to a design by architect Charles L. Thompson. It is a basic Foursquare house that has been elaborated by a hip roof with flared eaves, and a wraparound porch supported by Ionic columns and decorated with a neo-classical balustrade.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The John Davis House is a historic home located at Fayetteville, Cumberland County, North Carolina. It was built about 1870, and is a two-story, three-bay, frame dwelling Late Victorian style ornament. It rests on a brick pier foundation and has a gable roof with flared eaves. The front facade features a one-story shed roof porch, supported by four chamfered posts with lacy sawn brackets.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Charlotte, also known as Hotel Charlotte & Cafe or Hotel Charlotte & Restaurant, is a hotel opened in 1921 in Groveland, California. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Charlotte DeFerrari, the hotel&#39;s namesake and builder, was born in Genoa, Italy in 1881. Her family migrated to the California gold fields when DeFerrari was sixteen. During this era, the Groveland area went from boom to bust and back again. The gold rush and then the San Francisco Hetch-Hetchy water project brought prosperity and notoriety to the Groveland and Big Oak Flat settlements.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after arriving in Groveland, DeFerrari&#39;s father was killed in a mining accident at Hardin Flat, and young DeFerrari took it upon herself to support and hold the family together. She began cooking for work crews, ranch hands and several local settlers. She then opened a restaurant in the building that is now the Iron Door Saloon, claimed by its proprietors to be the oldest continuously operating saloon in California.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, DeFerrari built the hotel on the site of an old livery stable, and in 1921 she purchased the Gem Saloon next door, annexing it to the Hotel Charlotte as a restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The John Watson House, now called The Historic Magnolia Manor, also known as Burwell House is a historic plantation house located at Warrenton, Warren County, North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The original Georgian / Federal style farm house was originally built about 1815. John Watson acquired the property in the 1830s. Warson hired Jacob W. Holt in 1859 to do the overbuild on the original house. He added the two-story, Greek Revival style main block. It is overlaid with ornate Italianate style detail at the roofline and on the full-width front porch. In 1997 the Carver family acquired the property. In 2003 the Carver family turned the house into a bed & breakfast. In 2019, the Youakim family acquired the property and uses it as a wedding venue.</p><br>
<p>The Chestnut Hill Historic District is a historic area covering all the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>The historic district comprises 1,987 contributing properties over 1,920 acres, including:</p><br>
<p>The Anglecot (designed by Wilson Eyre)</p><br>
<p>Druim Moir Historic District, includes Romanesque Revival mansion (1883–86), designed by G. W. & W. D. Hewitt</p><br>
<p>Graver&#39;s Lane Station (1883), designed by Frank Furness</p><br>
<p>John Story Jenks School (1922), designed by Irwin T. Catharine</p><br>
<p>Thomas Mill Covered Bridge (across the Wissahickon Creek, the only traditional covered bridge in Philadelphia)</p><br>
<p>Wissahickon Inn (now Chestnut Hill Academy) (1883–84), designed by G. W. & W. D. Hewitt</p><br>
<p>Inglewood Cottage (1850), designed by Thomas Ustick Walter</p><br>
<p>The former site of Boxly, the estate of Frederick Winslow Taylor, where Taylor often received the business-management pilgrims who came to meet the "Father of Scientific Management"</p><br>
<p>Esherick House (1961), designed by Louis Kahn</p><br>
<p>Vanna Venturi House (1962–64), designed by Robert Venturi</p><br>
<p>City Cemetery, also known as the Sandersville Old City Cemetery, is located in Sandersville, Georgia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Old City Cemetery began as the cemetery of the local Methodist Episcopal Church. Eventually the cemetery expanded to its current 5.5 acre which is surrounded by West Church Street to the South, West Haynes Street to the North, Virginia Avenue to the East, and private property to the West.</p><br>
<p>City Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Thomas W. Hardwick (1872–1944), a former USA senator and governor of Georgia</p><br>
<p>Ben J. Tarbutton (1885–1962), state politician and mayor of Sandersville</p><br>
<p>Old Donation Church is the third Lynnhaven Parish Church and is the oldest church in Virginia Beach. Records show that the parishs first church services were held in 1637 in the home of Adam Thoroughgood. The first church building was constructed on Mr. Thoroughgoods land in 1639 on the location later known as "Church Point." The vestry, or governing body of the church, was established in 1640.</p><br>
<p>By 1691 the church building had begun to deteriorate and the land around the church was slowly being eroded by the Lynnhaven River. The vestry approved the building of a new church on two acres of land purchased from Ebenezer Taylor. The second Lynnhaven Parish Church was completed in 1692.</p><br>
<p>As the parish grew the second church was no longer able to meet the needs of the larger congregation. In 1733 the vestry ordered the building of a new church that could accommodate the parish&#39;s needs. The third church was accepted by the vestry on June 25, 1736.</p><br>
<p>The last colonial rector of Lynnhaven Parish was the Reverend Robert Dickson. He served as rector of the parish for 25 years. Upon his death in 1776, he left his home, slaves and property to the church. This property, which was to be used as a free school for orphan boys, became known as "Donation Farm." It is from this reference that the church became known as Old Donation Church. The Reverend Dickson was buried under the altar in the 1736 church.</p><br>
<p>Although records show that Old Donation Church underwent repairs in 1822, it was enjoying regular services and had a healthy congregation. In the years that followed, however, many families moved to the area that we know today as "Kempsville." In 1842, the parish was reorganized to accommodate these new outlying communities and a new church, Emmanuel Episcopal Church, was built in Kempsville.</p><br>
<p>Soon after Emmanuel Church was completed, Old Donation was abandoned for services. In 1882, a forest fire gutted the abandoned church leaving only the exterior walls standing. Through the interest of Thurmer Hoggard and his family, yearly services were held in the roofless ruins to keep the memory of the old church alive.</p><br>
<p>In 1911 an organization was founded to raise funds to rebuild Old Donation. Through the enthusiastic and tireless efforts of the Rev. Richard Alfriend and Judge B. D. White, construction was begun in 1912. The churchs restoration was finished in 1916 and Old Donation was once again open for services. The churchs bell tower was erected in 1923.</p><br>
<p>The church underwent major repairs in the 1960s to ensure the building&#39;s structural integrity. It was during this time that the slate floors were installed. These renovations were completed in 1966. Old Donation is included on the National Register of Historic Places and is one of the stops on the Bayside History Trail.</p><br>
<p>The parish&#39;s third church, built in 1736, and its congregation, dating to 1637, are both among the oldest churches and congregations in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The current Rector of the church is the Rev. Robert J. Randall, Jr.</p><br>
<p>Camp Four on Campbell Farm, about 12 mi from Fort Smith, Montana, is nationally significant for its association with Thomas D. Campbell, "once the world&#39;s largest wheat farmer", and "a pioneer in industrialized corporate farming methods." It is the best preserved of two permanent camps, which along with six temporary camps, served the wheat farm during the period from 1918 to the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Rosebud Battlefield State Park in Big Horn County, Montana preserves a large portion of the battlefield of the Battle of the Rosebud, fought on June 17, 1876. The battle is known by various other names such as The Battle Where the Girl Saved Her Brother by the Northern Cheyenne, and Crook&#39;s Fight on the Rosebud. A National Historic Landmark, the park is a day use facility offering hiking, hunting, picnicking and wildlife viewing. It is located 11 mi south of Kirby, Montana on Montana Highway 314.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>Rosebud Battlefield State Park is located in a rural setting of Big Horn County, Montana, southeast of Billings and just east of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. It is located west of Montana Highway 314, in an area of rolling prairie characterized by numerous ridges. Immediately to the south of the battlefield is a mesa, below which Rosebud Creek meanders in a generally easterly direction.</p><br>
<p>The park has an information kiosk and vault toilet at its entrance, and a rough gravel road traverses around the main battlefield area, but is otherwise undeveloped.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Battle of the Rosebud, fought on June 17, 1876, marked a turning point in the Great Sioux War of 1876, in which the United States sought to force Native American tribes in the region onto reservations. United States Army forces under the command of General George Crook were attacked here by a mixed force of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne commanded by Crazy Horse, stopping an advance that was part of an intended three-pronged movement against Native villages in Bighorn area. Over a six-hour period, the battle extended across a nearly 3 mi area along Rosebud Creek. It was tactically a stalemate, but Crook failed to make the planned rendezvous and withdrew from the theater of war, ultimately leaving General George Armstrong Custer exposed to defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn a week later.</p><br>
<p>The Cheyenne name for the battlefield, "Where The Girl Saved Her Brother", is derived from an incident during the battle, in which Buffalo Calf Road Woman, a Cheyenne woman, came to the rescue of her brother, Chief Comes in Sight, who was lying wounded on the battlefield. Her act of valor is said to have rallied the Native American forces.</p><br>
<p>Southern Hotel in Perris, California was built in 1886. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Southern Hotel is the oldest surviving commercial building in Perris, built by Swiss immigrant couple, Bernardo and Marcellina Bernasconi. Bernardo Bernasconi was a rancher, and the family had six children. It was used as a hotel serving the San Jacinto - Perris stage line until approximately 1919, when it was converted into Bernasconi family residence. Matilda Bernasconi, the oldest child of the original builders, lived in the building until her death, after which the structure fell into a state of disrepair. In 1987, there were two arson fires, and the building was close to being demolished. In 1990, it was bought by the Motte brothers, restored, and converted into a museum (Motte Historical Museum).</p><br>
<p>Before 1885, the area was known as Pinacate, now in the southern part of the city of Perris. Perris received a railway station in 1886 and soon after the Southern Hotel became one of the first buildings in the area.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The hotel is a Victorian Era style building, two-storey wooden and rectangular. It bears a number of Italianate features and decorative elements. Proviously, the building was adjacent to other commercial structures, but currently it stands alone.</p><br>
<p>The front of the building faces west (S. D Street) and is made in horizontal sidings. It features a door, two windows with decorative crowns, and an open wooden porch with four support posts.</p><br>
